Mozarts First Movement for Clarinet Concerto in A Major,...

Continuing a habit of challenging traditional structures in music and society, Mozart fosters unity between the ensemble and the soloist in a form that is usually built on contrast in the first movement of his Concerto for Clarinet in A Major, K 622. This paper will begin with a brief discussion of sonata form, which will define many of the terms used in the remainder of the paper. Next, a detailed explanation of first-movement concerto form as it was understood in Mozart’s time. Following this, Mozart’s habits of altering tradition will be established, and there will be an analysis of the alterations he makes to first-movement concerto form in his Clarinet Concerto K 622, and how they foster unity. The sonata is a unified formal structure broken up into several sections by theorists. The major sections are the exposition, the development, and the recapitulation. While the modern terms for these sections were only established in the early 20th century, the form’s consistency means that these terms can be applied to pieces before this time. The exposition contains the two major themes of the piece, called the primary and secondary theme, as of about 1750. The primary theme is in the tonic key, and the secondary theme is in another closely related key, which is reached through a modulatory transition, sometimes called the bridge. The development section modulates through several keys, but it only rarely introduces new material, and simply treats material already established

Was the Treaty of Versailles the Major Cause of World War...

World War Two was the most devastating conflict in the history of mankind. It crimpled many nations and caused millions of people to die. One of the major causes of this disastrous war was the Treaty of Versailles which ended the First World War. This treaty was destructive towards the Germans. Germany had to pay large amounts of reparations to the Allied nations at the end of World War One resulting in a Great Depression in Germany. Additionally, the Treaty of Versailles’ war guilt clause forced Germans to admit full responsibility for starting the war. Furthermore, to gain the support of the German populace, Adolf Hitler adopted an effective propaganda campaign. Adolf Hitler employed a successful propaganda campaign to gain the support of the German people combined with the Treaty of Versailles harsh economic and political sanctions ignited World War Two. As the end of World War One, Germany was required to pay a large sum of money to the Allies consequently resulting in a Great Depression. The sum Germany had to pay was set after the Treaty of Versailles at approximately six billion, six hundred million – twenty-two billion pounds. The large amount of reparations that Germany had to pay resulted in a depression and angered the Germans as they thought it was too much to pay. The Germans hatred of the Treaty of Versailles crippled Germany and was of significant importance in propelling the Nazis to power. Germany could not pay their reparations and was forced into aShow MoreRelatedWas the Treaty of Versailles the Major Cause of World War Two? 1148 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War Two was the most devastating conflict in the history of humanity. It crippled many nations and caused millions of people to die. One of the major causes of this disastrous war was the Treaty of Versailles which ended the First World War. This treaty was destructive towards the Germans. Germany had to pay large amounts of reparations to the Allied nations at the end of World War One resulting in a Great Depression in Germany. Additionally, the Treaty of Versailles’ war guilt clause forcedRead MoreThe War I And World War II Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Thirty Years War† World War I and World War II are the largest military conflicts in history. In 1919, Europe attempted to reconstruct the damage left by WWI. After WWI, with the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was left destroyed and destabilized, which eventually laid out the foundation for WWII. The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles led to the aggression of Germany. The Treaty of Versailles was supposed to bring about peace, but Marshall Foch, generalissimo of the Allied Armies in FranceRead MoreHow Far Do You Agree That the Policy of Appeasement Was the Main Cause of WWII?1551 Words   |  7 PagesTreaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that was signed by the UK, US, France, Italy and Germany, it ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919. Hitler saw the Treaty of Versailles as a disgrace to the German people and an embarrassment to Germany. Hitler blamed the German politicians for signing the Treaty of Versailles as he thought Germany could have avoided it and the problems it presented Germany withRead MoreHow Restrictions On A Country End A War Or Setup The Start For Another War?1138 Words   |  5 Pagescountry end a war or setup the start for another war. After World War One the United States and the Allied powers created the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles set up new nations and borders between the Allied powers and Central powers. The treaty also contained a war guilt clause which would hold Germany solely responsible for starting World War One. Germany was one of the reasons that WWI st arted but the only reason. Since Germany had to take the responsibility for the war, they wereRead MoreWorld War II Was The Second Greatest War Of The Twentieth Century860 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War II lasted from 1939-1945, but there were a number of circumstances leading up to the beginning of World War II. It involved the majority of the nations in the world in which they formed two military alliances. Those alliances were the allies and axis. In a state of total war, World War II was the most deadly war in history. This war was caused there was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles from WWI. Then, there was the expansion of the Japanese and fascism. Another reason for the outbreakRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles And Its Effect On The World War I1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty signed between Germany and the Allies which consisted of Britain, France and America. The idea of the Treaty was to end World War one and Germany would be too weak to start another war. This meant that there would be peace throughout Europe for a long time but it was controversial at best. It was signed in the Versailles palace which was large enough for hundreds of people to be involved in the signing on 28th of June 1919. GermanyRead MorePre-World War II History1050 Words   |  5 PagesNazi Germany with Adolf Hitler at the helm was a major threat to the world when Hitler brought the country to prominence. Hitler transformed Germany from a depression-wracked country into a major military power. Externally, Hitler went on major conquests in order to bring Germany to power. Within Nazi Germany, he attempted to create a super race of people and wanted to do so by eliminating all inferior races starting with the Jews. In the midst of this action, the United States attempted to preventRead MoreTo what extent can Hitler and his foreign policy be blamed for the outbreak of World War two?1280 Words   |  6 PagesThe outbreak of World War II on September 3rd 1939 occurred due to numerous factors. These causes include the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles, the failure of the League of Nations linked to the isolation of the US, appeasement introduced by the British Prime Minister in the year 1937 and the Nazi-Soviet Pact signed between Hitler and Stalin on the 28th of August 1938 . Hitlers foreign policy had a huge impact on the outbreak of World War II because of its expansionism policy and the fact thatRead MoreSignificance Of The Treaty Of Versailles1514 Words   |  7 Pages 2014 World History Significance of the Treaty of Versailles World War I was a devastating war that had a long-lasting effect on every European country. After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne, and his wife by the hands of a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand. Germany urged Austria-Hungary to attack Serbia, but Russia stepped up to protect the country. Germany ambushed Belgium, and proceeded to Russia, throwing Great Britain into the war due toRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Treaty Of Versailles Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe outcome of the first World War led to nothing but bloodshed, global economic distress, and more tension between nations. Wilson s plan seemed to offer genuine equality to all countries including, and especially Germany. His fourteen points was an excellent and well thought out plan, however many other countries like France and Russia wanted vengeance on Germany. With great objection, Germany signed the treaty. The nation was deemed responsible for the war, leaving Germany feeling oppressed

Personality Types in Children Free Essays

Every Child Holds a Different Personality Anyone who has had children or has lived in a family with one or more sibling(s), would know that even though children or siblings have very similar DNA, it does not mean that they carry the same personality traits. Children develop into the person they choose to become. Children will carry either a passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive or assertive type of personality. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Types in Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now These three personality types can describe a child as highly sensitive, self-absorbed or defiant. Parents also play a role in a child’s personality, challenging them to become more pleasant and open minded people.They can also teach them to be respectful and trust-worthy by showing them right from wrong and the proper way to correct their mistakes. A passive child is set off from the world. They believe that what they have to say does not matter, and allow their rights to be violated by failing to express their feelings. Passive children make little or no eye contact and speak in a low tone of voice. When asked questions they will often respond with, â€Å"I don’t know†, â€Å"Whatever you think†, â€Å" I don’t care† , â€Å" It doesn’t matter to me†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦etc. A passive child is said, â€Å"To live in their own world. They are difficult to excite and show little interest in things around them. Their facial expressions are often dull and in a class room setting they often have a difficult time staying on task (which is usually diagnosed as A. D. D. ) An aggressive child is always right. They will protect themselves at the expense of others (not caring about another child’s feelings). As an aggressive child he/she wants to win at all costs, and never want to be told what he/she has done wrong. The child grows up thinking that he/she will always have his/her way.Aggressive children are loud and often belittling to others. They are manipulative, controlling and often use physical and verbal abuse. A passive-aggressive child fulfills their own rights initially then follows with manipulations and vengeance. Their goal is to avoid conflict, but then make the other person wish they had seen that their way was better. A passive-aggressive child takes the risk but then acts surprised when people become mad. He/she will behave passively to a person’s face but then act aggressively when they are not around and often use sarcasm.Children seem to care about the desires and needs of others, but actually passively resist them and become hostile and angry. When demands are put on a child for performance, he/she will respond with some form of passive resistance, such as procrastinating, dawdling, stubbornness, deliberate inefficiency, pretending to be forgetful and showing unreasonable criticism to people in authority. It has been said that a passive-aggressive personality in a child is the hardest to deal with and children will often be put on medication for their behavior. An assertive child protects their own right without violating others.They look to find the solution to the problem and communicate with respect and understanding. Assertive children maintain eye contact, listen to others, are confident and strong, and ask for things in a respectful and clear manner. Of course in every parent’s eyes this is the, â€Å"perfect child. † But most children do not naturally hold this personality trait. It is the role of the parent that provides children with this form of personality. Discipline used in the proper way to correct a child behavior will make them more likely to grow and learn how to correctly act and respect others.A highly-sensitive child usually carries a passive personality. They are sensitive and shy, and behave with caution and fear. During infancy, a sensitive baby dislikes change, and becomes very clingy when put into new situations. Sensitive babies will avoid being assertive and restrict their range of exploration. In their early years, children may have excessive fears and worries and display shyness when trying to form friendships and interact with new adults. During late childhood, the child may feel anxious or panicky and have mood swings. Sensitive children are often quite sensitive to the feelings of other people; they might say that they can â€Å"read† other people through their expressions, body language, and voice tone. Because sensitive children are so in with the world, they tend to focus on the details of what they see, hear, and experience. They are often described as â€Å"visual learners. † A self-absorbed child is easy to bore, and will often show signs of being tired. As an infant, the child may seem quiet, sometimes even depressed and uninterested in exploring people or objects.Also the child may not respond quickly to touch, sound, or other stimuli. In early childhood a self-absorbed child may sit passively rather than explore their world. Unlike most toddlers they enjoy familiar routines. As they grow into an older child or teenager they appear to be rude, angry, and selfish. Self-absorbed children tend to like their own thought and fantasies more than the outside world and what is going on around them. Defiant children are negative, stubborn, and controlling. They often do the complete opposite of what is asked of them.They have a lot of difficulty with transition and need repetition, or slow change to stay on track. They often show signs of being compulsive and when given a task extra time is needed, because they tend to be perfectionist. During the infant stage the child may be fussy, difficult, and resistant to changes in their routine. As a toddler, when negative behavior is common to all children, they tend to be even more angry, defiant, and stubborn than most children at that age. As the child reaches teenage years they become argumentative and are caught in â€Å"power struggles†.Defiant children use passive defenses as a coping strategy, or they try to avoid difficult situations. There is not any two people who are alike, even identical twins (who have the same genetic make- up) have very different personalities. I believe children are born with a certain personality and as they grow older they respond to different situations that in a sense change their personality. They make themselves the person that they want to be. I also believe that the way children are raised by their parents plays a large roll.When parents teach their children right and wrong and the correct way to act in situations it allows the child to build their personality around what their parents say is right. And looking into the future will give the child a better chance of maturing into a more respectful adult. RESOURCE In high school I took a developmental psychology class my senior year. I retained a lot of information because I was so interested in the subject. For this paper I used notes and power points from that class which is drawn from the textbook: Developmental Psychology 7th edition written by David Shaffer. How to cite Personality Types in Children, Papers

Essay about the Liquor Shop

Question: Write an essay about the liquor shop. Answer: Contract may be defined as the agreement that exists either in written or spoken terms, makes the binding of more than two persons, or is enforceable under law in any court. Many elements are needed to be present in any contract during its formation (Andrews, 2015). The elements are intention, offer, consideration, acceptance and legal capacity to enter into a valid contract. In the scenario given, Alan went to a liquor shop in order to buy Russian Vodka. During making the dealing with the storekeeper named Ben, Alan presented his demand to him. Ben also replied that the bottle that he was holding in his hands is a bottle of Russian vodka and that made Alan to order three bottles. At the time when Alan was making the payment of the money, he received a receipt from Ben that made contained the statement Products sold are not refundable nor the seller responsible for the safety of the products. The elements those are present in the contract between Ben and Alan is: Offer: For the formation of a valid contract there has to be an offer by one party to a contract. offerer is the name of the person who makes the offer. In the scenario, there is invitation to offer or treat by Alan to Ben. Alan made such invitation when he entered the shop of Ben for buying Russian vodka. After getting such invitation, Ben made the offer to Alan by providing his requirement of Russian vodka. The price variations that are made by any seller during the time of fixation of price with any buyer amounts to the invitation to offer. This principle is determined in the case of Harvey v Facey [1893] A.C. 552. Acceptance: In the given scenario, Alan makes the acceptance when he accepted the bottles of Russian vodka. It is an established rule that the acceptance by acceptor has to be communicated properly to the offer (Burton, 2013). In the case given, the Alan makes the proper communication of the acceptance to Ben. There has to be the test of objectivity that has to be conducted for the determination of a valid acceptance or offer in any contract (OLeary-Kelly et al., 2014). This principle is determined in the case of Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597. Legal Capacity: In order to enter into a contract, any party must be of the legal age. The legal age amounts to eighteen years. The parties must not be under mental sickness or under the effect of alcohol at the moment of entering into contract. The parties must not be either a bankrupt or prisoner (Fargion, 2016). Both Alan and Ben have the legal capacity to enter into a contract. Consideration: The exchange money that is given in return of the services delivered a party to any contract is known as consideration. The consideration in this case is the amount that is given by Alan to Ben for making the purchase of the bottles of Russian vodka. Intention of creating Legal Relationship: There has to be an intention in the free will of the parties in enter into legal contractual relationship. Such intention is present in their dealing. The transactions of business are governed or administered by the provisions of the Sale of Goods Act. The Sale of Goods Act governs the transactions where the seller is involved in the transfer of any goods or services to any buyer for price. The Sale of Goods Act makes its involvement in the making the regulation of sale and contract of sale. In Part, 1(h) of the Sale of Goods Act renders the definition of the word goods. The word good under the Act means and includes the properties, that are moveable and makes the exclusion of the monetary claims (Durkheim, 2014). The timber, shares, growing crops or stock comes in the terminology of good. The primary objective of the Sale of Goods Act is to grant to the sellers and buyers, warranties or the protection against the factor of selling unauthorized goods. In the first part of the Sale of Goods Act, which is applicable in Singapore, make the express declaration of such warranties that grants protection to interest of the buyers from the fraudulent or unconscionable conduct or intention of the seller. In the first part through Section 15 of the Sale of Goods Act of Singapore, there is the declaration of implied warranty (Burrows, 2016). In simpler terms, the said section grants the warranty of goods that are sold by description (Davies, 2016). It means that whenever or wherever any good is sold by means of any description, then such goods must comply to the description that is provided by the seller. If such gods fails to comply with such quality that is described then it amounts to the breach of the Sale of Goods Act. The Sale of Goods Act through the application of Section 53, makes the dealing with the establishment of the rules and the norms that are followed by any buyer in case where the seller involves himself in breaching a warranty. The Section makes the statement that a buyer is entitled always to bring a legal action for the breach of a warranty against any seller. The Act also makes the provision that in case any seller makes the violation of any warranty breach, then the buyer could force the seller to make the reduction in the purchasing price (Eggen, 2015). The case study that is given, makes the identification of Alan as the seller and Ben as the buyer. The demand of Alan was clear regarding the want of the purchase of the three bottles of vodka that is Russian. Alan entered in the liquor shop of Ben and held some bottles of vodka. Upon enquiring, it was held by Ben that the bottles in Alans hand were of Russian vodka. Alan made the belief of the words of Ben and then ordered three bottles. The bottles that are delivered by Ben were illicit drinks and that caused the illness of the three friends of Alan. The duty of Ben was to deliver the proper goods that is the bottles of Russian vodka, but he delivered illicit drinks. Hence, Alan could bring legal action against Ben. In the scenario that is given, the receipt that was delivered by Ben to Alan should not be considered as a contract. The receipt must be considered as an evidence of the implied contract that existed between Ben and Alan. The scenario that is given suggests that there Alan made the invitation for offer to Ben. Alan made the invitation to Ben to offer him three bottles of vodka from Russia. Ben is a shopkeeper and made the offer to Alan of his required quality vodka to which Alan accepted and in return, Ben gave the receipt to Alan as a proof of the dealing between the two parties (Poole, J. 2012). The terms that in the receipt depicted the instructed that the goods or the products once sold from Bens shop is not entitled to be refunded. Further, the receipt also encrypted that the seller is in no way responsible for the safety of any products that were sold by the shop. In the case the problem emerged when three friends of Alan got diarrhea along with food poisoning after drinking the vodka sold by Ben. On making the further research, it was found out that the vodka purchased by Alan from Ben contained illicit drinks. In accordance to the contract law, there has to be the proper performance that has to be made by the party who is of the duty to do the same (Burrows, 2016). The lack of proper performance or non-performance amounts to the breach of contract. In the case that is given, the performance of the contract between Ben and Alan was to be done by Ben. Ben failed to make the proper performance by delivering illicit drinks instead of Russian vodka to Alan. We can also say that there is also fraud involved Bens part as he knowingly delivered wrong product to Alan (Davies, 2016). Hence, from this fact we can say that there is breach of contract on Bens part as the contract between the parties was entered for the purchase of Russian vodka and not any illicit drinks. In accordance to consumer laws, no seller has the right to make the selling of any product that lacks the quality of merchandise (Kenny, 2014). The act of Ben shall also be considered as illegal because of the provisions of the consumer laws that demarcate in clear terms that every customer bears the right to receive proper goods from the sellers. In the context stated above, the terms of the receipt that the seller is not responsible for the safety of its products is not valid. As it is proved that the bottles delivered by Ben were faulty, he is bound to refund the money to Alan. The case ACCC v Pepes Duck in the year 2012, held the defendants claim as false in determining the fact that the ducks produced by them were done in the process that is regarded as natural. The Court fined the defendant an amount of $400,000 (McKendrick, 2014). The case is similar to the given case as the claim of Ben that bottles sold to Alan were Russian Vodka was false. The principles that are related with negligence, foresee ability and proximate cause are applicable and are to be discussed while making the answers for the question 4 of this assignment. In the assignment that is given, it is seen that there are three friends of Alan who got affected as a result of diarrhea by having the drinks that were supplied by Ben. The case study provided in the assignment suggests that Alan went into the shop of Ben for making the purchase of Russian vodka. He made the purchased three bottles of drinks on the assurance of Ben that those bottles meet the requirement of Alan. On that assurance, Alan made the purchase and those drinks turned out to be illicit. By drinking such drink, three friends of Alan suffered from food poising and diarrhea. Now, the primary concern of the scenario is that whether the act of supply of illicit drinks by Ben is responsible for the ill health of them. The second issue is whether they are eligible to brink any claim against Ben as they were not involved in making the purchase of the illicit drinks directly from Ben. The issues in the scenario can be solved through the application of the principle of proximate cause. The term proximate cause in law relates to any kind of event that can be recognized as the cause of injury to any third party (Gifford Robinette, 2014). The cause of any kind of injury to any party by the act of any person would be deemed the proximate cause of that injury. In the case of Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., the court held that if any party acts negligently and that leads to the injury of any third party, then such party would held liable for having the proximate cause of that injury. In the scenario, the delivery of illicit drinks by Ben is regarded as the proximate cause of damage of health of the friends of Alan (Richardson Rackley, 2012). The term foreseeable means any act that is attachable directly to the act of any person for causing the harm of any other person. In the scenario that is given, the storekeeper Ben supplied the illicit drinks instead of Russian vodka and that caused the harm of health of the friends of Alan. Hence, it can be said that the act of Ben is foreseeable directly for the ill health of them and they possesses the right to sue Ben (Robbennolt Hans, 2016). The law of negligence depicts that if the defendant fails to take the proper care of the goods of the plaintiff under legal duty, then he is liable for the damage that is sustained by the plaintiff for that lack of care (Sharkey, 2016). In the scenario of the assignment, the legal duty was on the part o0f Ben to make the transfer or delivery of original vodka to Alan. Ben made the breach of his duty by making the supply of illicit drinks that caused the ill health of the friends of Alan. Therefore, Alans friends are liable to bring suit against Ben. Reference List Andrews, N. (2015).Contract law. Cambridge University Press. Burrows, A. (2016).A Restatement of the English Law of Contract. Oxford University Press. Burton, S. J. (2013). Lesson on Some Limits of Economic Analysis: Schwartz and Scott on Contract Interpretation.Ind. LJ,88, 339. Davies, P. S. (2016).JC Smith's the Law of Contract. Oxford University Press. Davies, P. S. (2016).JC Smith's the Law of Contract. Oxford University Press. Durkheim, E. (2014).The rules of sociological method: and selected texts on sociology and its method. Simon and Schuster. Eggen, J. M. (2015). Mental Disabilities and Duty in Negligence Law: Will Neuroscience Reform Tort Doctrine?.Indiana Health Law Review,12, 591. Fargion, S. (2016). Clients Participation and Social Work Practices: The Case of the Contract between Client and Practitioner.Participation, Marginalization and Welfare Services: Concepts, Politics and Practices Across European Countries, 47. Furmston, M. P., Cheshire, G. C., Fifoot, C. H. S. (2012).Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's law of contract. Oxford University Press. Gifford, D. G., Robinette, C. J. (2014). Apportioning liability in Maryland tort cases: Time to end contributory negligence and joint and several liability.Maryland Law Review,73, 2013-61. Kenny, C. S. (2014).A Selection of Cases Illustrative of the Law of Contract. Cambridge University Press. McKendrick, E. (2014).Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). OLeary-Kelly, A. M., Henderson, K. E., Anand, V., Ashforth, B. E. (2014). Psychological Contracts in a Nontraditional Industry Exploring the Implications for Psychological Contract Development.Group Organization Management,39(3), 326-360. Poole, J. (2012).Casebook on contract law. Oxford University Press. Richardson, J., Rackley, E. (Eds.). (2012).Feminist Perspectives on Tort Law. Routledge. Robbennolt, J. K., Hans, V. P. (2016). The psychology of tort law. InAdvances in Psychology and Law(pp. 249-274). Springer International Publishing. Sharkey, C. (2016). Stealth Ways to Keep Tort Cases from African-American Juries.Jotwell: J. Things We Like, 41.

Water Hardness Lab free essay sample

Solubility of Calcium Carbonate in ppm: 114. 80 ppm Solubility of Calcium Carbonate calculated using Ksp: 7. 05 ppm There is a big difference between two numbers because of two possible reasons: _ The filtration process possibly went not as accurate as It should. _ I heated the water while dissolving CaCO3, and that made it more soluble. _ The errors came from the titration, due to the fact that the color change of the solution is not easy to define. (Purple to blue) I might have put too much titrant into the solution, and that would cause a difference. 2. Water hardness is a water quality that demonstrates the quantity of minerals in certain water sample. The bigger the amount of minerals present, the harder that water will be. Minerals responsible for making water hard are primarily: Calcium and Magnesium. These minerals usually exist in form of salts in the ground, which are soluble in water/acid. Therefore, the salts react with water or rain (slightly acidic), the salt dissolve and the ions are now present in the water. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Hardness Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’s to say the minerals are carried to the water from the ground. PPM is parts per million. 3. As in this lab, the endpoint should also be the equivalent point, so when we reached the endpoint, it means the titration is finished. 4. Highest water hardness: Sample in titration 3 – Dr. Layson’s Untreated Well Water (190. 94 ppm) Lowest Water Hardness: Sample in titration 5 – Dr. Layson’s Raw Well Water treated with a Brita Water Filter (33. 03ppm). These observations make sense because of course after using the Filter, the hardness should be decreased. For example, the Angola tap water is softer than the untreated well water, but both of them are harder than the SOFTENED well water. Ion exchange is to take out the cations that harden the water, and replace that with other ions such as Na+ and K+. This method is really effective because as the water goes through the bed of ion exchange materials, the hardening ions are removed, leaving the water soft and more satisfactory for usage. As we can see in the calculation, the hardness is reduced greatly by using the Filter. In titration 4 and 5, the amount of EDTA required to reach the endpoints is really little, due to the fact that the water samples are already softened in preparation, so the results do make sense. III. Conclusion: This lab gave me a better understanding of water hardness and titrating method. Now I know how much concentration of minerals in water would it take to be called hard water, and how different –hardness wise, are all the water samples. The calculations and results are fairly good and reasonable, as already discussed above. There are several things that could have been improved for better results: _ An easier to be defined indicator. _ More accurate glassware. _Human errors/ perspectives: For example, each person has his/ her own opinion on which is a blue or purple color, so the results would be different among everybody.

Alexanders reforms essays

Alexanders reforms essays How valid is this interpretation of the reign of Tsar Alexander 2nd? The quotation suggests that with the accession of Alexander as Tsar of Russia he had no sympathy to with the repressive system (nature) of his predecessors. Written by George Hume an Englishman, and taken from his memoirs published in 1914, one would generally assume he has taken great care in coming to this conclusion on the reign of Alexander 2nd but one much also take into account the influence war time Europe (1914) etc had on this outcome. However, from this quotation we can infer Hume believes Alexander approached his duties is a comparatively different way to that of the tsars before him and in general there are various reasons that support this case. Alexander the 2nd realised the need for reform after recognising that his Russia or rather his predecessors had developed a rather backward country both socially and economically to that of the rest of Europe. Arguably his greatest reform lay with the Serfs. Russia was made up generally speaking of almost 97% peasants, those of whom were predominantly agricultural labourers or slaves that lived in perpetual starvation most of the year. His realisation that the situation of the serfs needed to be resolved greatly changed the outcome of Russia, in terms of its advancement towards a stably economic power in Europe. The Serfs were to be emancipated with land of their own and all debts to previous owners or landlords paid by the state. Alexander had obviously, by this act taken the first step to a better Russia and it was clear that further reform lay ahead. The next stage Alexander saw problems with was Russia legal system. Bribery and corruption flourished freely in courtrooms throughout Russia before his accession. And the need for relative adjudication and a common fair trial was necessary to Alexander for stability in his new modernised Russia. To many Alexanders word was law as indeed the a...

Compare and Contrast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Compare and Contrast - Research Paper Example The Terracotta Army was found on 29 March 1974 to the east of Xian in Shaanxi area by agriculturists burrowing a water well more or less 1.6 kilometers (0.99 mi) east of the Qin Emperors tomb hill at Mount Li (Lishan), a district filled with underground springs and watercourses (Linduff and Sun 17). For a considerable length of time, intermittent reports specified bits of terracotta figures and parts of the Qin necropolis –roofing tiles, blocks and lumps of workmanship. This disclosure incited Chinese archeologists to examine, uncovering the biggest stoneware doll amass ever found in China. All ceramics warriors and steeds were made utilizing nearby mud, then prepared in the furnace. In the wake of finishing the project, the figures were finished with painted subtle element (Debainne-Francfort 56). The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses were in the real life size which was requested by the first Emperor Qin, from whom China gets its name, requested the production of this armed force of terracotta statues. He made the statutes: The primary confirmation of a Neolithic culture in China was found at Yangshao, in Henan Province, in 1921 and in 1953, amid development of a manufacturing plant at Banpo, close to the city of Xian in Shaanxi Province, a Neolithic town having a place with the Yangshao Culture was unintentionally uncovered (Krahl 27). This town secured a range of more than two parts of the entire land where cautious unearthing recouped a zone of more than two sections of land. Cautious removal uncovered the presence of 45 houses, 200 capacity pits, needles, devices, pointed stones, fish snares and six ovens. There were likewise 174 grown-up graves, 76 children’s graves and 37 funerary urns. The Neolithic individuals of Banpo chased, angled, developed millet, cooked their sustenance and raised pigs as household creatures. Particularly vital was their dark or red earthenware. The red ceramics was painted with dark geometrical outlines and every

Factors influencing Language and Literacy - (4) Language Change Essay

Factors influencing Language and Literacy - (4) Language Change - Essay Example With the shift to understanding the importance of culture in teaching English as a second language, teachers are faced with new challenges when teaching adults. Language is complex, far more than just making language and grammar choices. For instance, try translating the phrase â€Å"Linguists have been interested in several aspects of language variations† into Spanish, and then translating the Spanish back to English: Los lingà ¼istas han estado interesados en varios aspectos de la variacià ³n de la lengua. The translation reads: â€Å"The linguists have been interested in various aspects of the variation of the tongue.† That might be quite true because the tongue has a great deal to do with forming words, but it isn’t the phrase that was originally translated. Translation is one of many specific factors that influence language change. What else must be taken into consideration in an analysis of change? An effort will be made to investigate factors such as cultural variation, social networking, ethnicity, communication in a family-unit and technological advances, as they relate to teaching and learning a different la nguage. Looking back at the history of the English language over the past hundred years, pronounciation, spelling and meaning have changed very little, but the number of words has greatly increased because of the industrial revolution and the advent of a technological society. Also, military history, with wars throughout the 1900s, made military language very much a part of the century (Wilton, 2005). In Great Britain, the variances of language, i.e. accent, dialect, variety and register, are especially evident in different sections of England. American English has its own regional dialects, as well as different spelling, pronounciation and meaning for many English words. In Australia, both accent and dialect, as well as several words unique to the continent, make the English language distinctive there. For people from Asian

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Essay Example Of course, it is always possible that what is known can greatly influence the way something is perceived to such an extent that it becomes a misperception. Visual and auditory misperceptions have been studied widely in the literature, as they illustrate not only how something can be misperceived due to top-down factors but can shed some light on how perception relies on these factors also. A variety of empirical evidence will be used to evaluate the role that these top-down factors have in perception, focusing mainly on visual and auditory misperceptions. One of the most widely studied examples of the way that top-down factors have a role in misperceptions are illusions. Optical illusions are often used as fun examples of how the mind can trick us, but they also have a huge role in cognitive psychology. Illusions are good because they show how the mind follows certain rules and places certain constraints on perception, and how top-down factors cause the brain to have a bias towards p erceiving certain things (Eysenck & Keane, 2005). In everyday life, these are usually correct and can help us to identify objects that have never been perceived before accurately and simply. Without these rules, there would be no perception in the sense we understand today. However, when these rules are applied in a different sense to that which they would usually be employed misperception or illusion results. Misperceptions can be found within all sensory systems, although visual and auditory are the most researched and understood. Sometimes, a healthy individual can briefly mistake one object that is known for another. The research by Summerfield, Egner, Mangels & Hirsch (2006) investigates the reaction of the brain during these occasions using functional magnetic resonance imaging to understand the neuroscience behind this. The interesting part of this research is that Summerfield et al (2006) manipulated images of houses and faces to such an extent that they could be realistical ly mistaken for the other. This may seem ridiculous, as houses and faces are two very different structures that could not easily be mistaken for each other in reality. This is an example of a top-down factor; we think that it would be impossible to mistake a house for a face (or vice versa) because of the rules and regulations put in place in the way that objects are perceived. However, this research showed that at a certain level of degradation, this misperception can easily occur. This misperception occurs even in psychologically normal patients. Top-down factors associate some areas of the image with a house or a face and the medio-frontal and right parietal regions of the brain make assumptions based upon what is already known and help the individual perceive. Faces themselves are also victim to visual misperception. Research by Leopold, Rhodes, Muller and Jeffery (2005) has shown that top-down factors can lead to perceived identity and expression. In this case, what is known ab out individuals that are familiar is applied to individuals that are not, and thus misperceptions occur. The brain here is suggesting that someone with similar visual appearance to an individual must be that individual. Again, this is an example

Does Damage To The Environment Pose Security Threat Politics Essay

Does Damage To The Environment Pose Security Threat Politics Essay Traditionally the focus of security studies has been on the military and states, however with the end of the cold war focus began to shift to other security issues which had previously been neglected. The environment began to rise on the international political agenda, and numerous studies have been conducted to assess the impact environmental change can have on security. However, there is still no firm consensus on the impact it has. In fact, there is no real consensus on the meaning of security either, thus making this assessment problematic. The aim here is to establish whether damage to the environment poses a threat to security, and, if so, in what ways. This essay will start with a short analysis of what  constitutes an environmental problem, and the extent to which damage to it is a security issue at all, by introducing the ongoing debate surrounding the importance of environment on the security agenda (Neo-Malthusian vs. Cornucopian); Then I will present the two opposing vi ews regarding the focus of security studies (National Security vs. Human Security). This will be followed by an assessment of the different ways damage to the environment poses a security threat, both in terms of National Security and Human Security. I will conclude with a summary of the issue and my own perspective. The Environment and Security An environmental problem is a change of state in the physical environment which is brought about by human interference with the physical environment, and has effects which society deems unacceptable in the light of its shared norms  [1]  . Human behaviour is generating CO2 which appears to result in depletion of the ozone layer. This causes overheating of the Earths surface which is passed on to overheating of the core which is triggering increased tectonic activity which results in volcanic activity, earthquakes, tsunamis and the resultant problems including radioactivity. This eventually puts undue pressure on food supplies and other resources. However, there is an ongoing debate within the environmental security literature as to the importance of environmental problems and whether they should be considered a security issue. The neo Malthusian approach attempts to highlight the dangers of population growth outstripping food production. Arguably this would lead to a competition for resources, and ultimately cause conflict and possibly war, thus creating a security issue  [2]  . Cornucopians, or Promethians, believe that Neo-Malthusians exaggerate problem and that their pessimistic view is unnecessary because human beings will devise solutions to environmental challenges and that there is, in reality, an infinite supply of natural resources.  [3]  For the purpose of this essay we shall assume that environment is a security issue, not necessarily in the traditional sense of what constitutes a security issue, but indeed for a variety of reasons, which are often excluded or ignored. The term security is taken generally to mean the protection of people against violence, or the defence against all forms of insecurity; this includes economic and environmental insecurity. Analysts have focused traditionally on the challenges posed by war and belligerence, but today the area of interest has expanded. The UN Secretary-Generals High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change categorised the threats facing the world currently, and along with terrorism, transnational organised crime and WMDs, the panel included economic and social threats including poverty, disease, and environmental degradation  [4]  . Some would argue that environmental change becomes a threat when it endangers national security, others when it threatens human welfare. NATO adheres to the former, but this maybe is to be expected given its state-centric, military approach; whereas the United Nations is more a humanitarian organisation, and subscribes to the latter. Whichever, the environment is regarded increasingly as both a human and an international security issue, albeit for somewhat different reasons. While the focus of security has historically been on people  [5]  , with the development of academic International Relations (IR), it fell on the State, and the concept of national interest emerged. This is linked to the realist approach to International Relations, in which the interests of the State come first with the protection of national interests being vital  [6]  . In this view security is closely related to military power; therefore a strong Armed Forces is necessary if the State is to be protected from threats. Walker and Loader maintain that the State-centric approach is still dominant within international relations practice, characterised by an enduring attachment to the nation as the main actor in global politics. According to Page, the traditional focus of work on security has been on the investigation of military threats to the territorial integrity of a given state that arise either externally (military activity from another state) or internally (from subversiv e, and generally violent, activities of terrorist groups).  [7]   After 1989, and the subsequent improvement in relations between NATO and the former USSR, conventional understandings of security became less relevant. Simultaneously, humanitarian concerns were increasingly coming to the fore of national and international politics and policy  [8]  . This review of the concept of security led many to believe that the focus should not be on states but on people, and the welfare of humans. In 1995 a UN report stated too often in the past, preserving the security of the state has been used an excuse for policies that undermined the security of people  [9]  . The concept of human security is embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human rights adopted by the UN in 1948. The Declaration states that everyone has the right to life, liberty and personal security. Human security means safety from the constant threats of hunger, disease, crime and repression, and protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of our daily lives-whether in our homes, jobs, communities or environment  [10]  . Writing in 1989, Mathews argued for a broadening definition of national security to include resource, environmental and demographic issues  [11]  , claiming that environmental protection and national security are inseparable. In 1997 Buzan wrote about broadening the concept of security, to include human and environmental security  [12]  , whereas Kaplans article, The Coming Anarchy, centred on the role of environmental degradation and anarchy, and marked a decided elevation of the environment and security debate  [13]  . Environmental security poses a threat if national security is undermined Many traditionalists may find it hard to connect environmental issues to security. However, some would argue that environmental issues can become a security issue when national security is threatened. Environmental degradation leads to the depletion of resources and competition for the remaining resources can create conflict, which may in some cases lead to war, thereby undermining national security. This is a popular assumption in the security literature  [14]  . Ullman argues that resource conflict is at the root of most violent conflicts in history  [15]  . After a decade of research into the connection between environmental scarcity and violent conflict, Thomas Homer-Dixon reached the conclusion that environmental scarcity can contribute to violence and ethnic clashes, and these incidents will probably increase as scarcities of cropland, freshwater and forest worsen  [16]  . However, there are other issues to consider also. The most important disputed issue in past violent conflicts has been territory, and if climate change and rising sea levels lead to diminished land area, this can lead to conflict. For example, a 45 cm rise in sea-level will potentially result in a loss of 10.9% of Bangladeshs territory, forcing over 5 million people to relocate  [17]  . Furthermore, measures implemented to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will also incur costs, which could be damaging to the national economy. Goldstone argues that some countries, such as Saudi Arabia, already demonstrate certain characteristics conducive to political unrest, and the situation may intensify as a result of implementation of the Kyoto Protocol  [18]  . Some observe that environmental changes lead to migration, which in turn can lead to conflict in the host nation. However, as Goldstone observes, the crucial element is not migration per seWhat appears to matter for conflict are those cases wherein migration leads to clashes of national identity  [19]  . Therefore it is less the movement of people and more the social and political responses to that movement that matters most in conflicts in which immigration is a factor  [20]  . Nevertheless, climate-related conflicts are most likely to occur as a result of migration  [21]  . As soils are degraded, clean water supplies are depleted, infrastructure is damaged and lives are lost, migration may seem like the best solution for many people. Rises in sea-level may also induce large scale migration in the longer-term. For example, with the predicted rise in sea-level, people living on the Ganges Delta in Bangladesh will be forced to relocate. Some may move inland, but many more may move to neighbouring India and Pakistan and previous migration of this kind has been a factor in violence in the region  [22]  . According to both Elliot and Homer-Dixon, environmental change can lead to conflict when it interacts with other social, economic, political and cultural factors which reduce stability in a given domain  [23]  . In fact, these other aspects seem to be far more important factors affecting the likelihood of violent conflict. For example, stable democracies with a high level of development also seem to experience a lower rate of violent conflict. Damage to the environment poses a security threat if human security is threatened While the majority of studies of environmental security focus on the way environmental change may impact national security, others would argue that this concern is misplaced  [24]  . Global environmental change may, in some cases lead to violent conflict, but it may also have a significant impact on human security or welfare. Insufficient access to safe water resources and inadequate food supply are detrimental to human security  [25]  . Furthermore, according to Smil, environmental security has become a htreat similar to that of global nuclear warfare as it shares two characteristics: both are global in reach and the effects of both could be highly devastating  [26]  . Although the impact of climate change can be felt in many ways, either directly or indirectly, there are a number of ways in which human security will be harmed by manmade environmental change. In the UNDP report of Human Development of 1995 it was stated that environmental degradation poses a major threat to human security. As many as 70,000 square kilometres of farmland are abandoned each year as a result of degradation, and about 4 million hectares of rain-fed cropland are lost annually to soil erosion  [27]  . The planet is currently going through a period of change; temperatures are rising, causing a melting of the ice caps, which in turn brings about a rise in water levels. Most of the observed temperature increase has been caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which result from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation. The Climate Change induced rise in sea level will deeply impact coastal areas and islands. It will bring about increased salinity of fresh water and increased flooding. Flooding puts 45 million people a year at risk due to storm surges. A 50cm rise in sea level would increase this number to about 92 million  [28]  . However, the rise in temperatures also provokes prolonged droughts, leading to desertification and severely impacting already vulnerable areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa and some parts of Southern Asia. There are also health impacts connected to the increased intensity and duration of heat waves. (eg. Malari a, yellow fever, dengue). Infectious diseases are currently the worlds leading cause of death, killing nearly 17 million people a year  [29]  . Climate change also impacts agriculture and the subsequent availability of food. The food crisis of the mid 1970s sparked a detailed analysis into the relationship between hunger, famine and environmental causes, such as drought, flooding and land degradation.  [30]  It is now well recognised that such events can tip already vulnerable local societies into acute distress. Almost 800 million people in the developing world do not have enough to eat, and a further 3 million in the industrialised countries and economies in transition also suffer from chronic food insecurity  [31]  . Poor or insufficient nutrition can eventually lead to sever health problems such as gastro-intestinal infections, measles and malaria  [32]  . In discussions of the possible links between environment and security we often find reference to water. It is essential to human survival, has value in economic terms, and sometimes strategic significance. Nonetheless, in 1999 it was reported that 20% of the worlds population already lacks access to safe drinking water  [33]  . Water pollution can be extremely harmful both in terms of health and economy; not only does it further reduce the availability of clean drinking water, but it could also cause extensive damage to marine life and severely hurt the economy, as we saw in the 2010 BP oil spill  [34]  . At the P-7 conference in 2000, delegates from the poorest nations gathered and called for water to be treated as a fundamental human right, not as a market commodity  [35]  . Not only does water scarcity lead to health issues, a human security issue, but it also can lead to violent conflict if nations are in competition over the resource, thus becoming a national securit y issue. Indeed, damage to, or degradation of, the environment results in resource depletion which, on the one hand, causes civil unrest, leading to conflict, while, on the other, causes famine and illness, threatening human security, or welfare. Conclusion Traditionally the term Security was used to mean State Security, but with the fall of the Soviet Union security studies has expanded to include other threats including environmental damage. However, so far, emphasis has been placed on environmental change as cause of violent conflict, due to competition over resources or territory, but there are other possible implications, such as the effect it has on Human Security. To understand environmental damage as a security threat- in that it poses a threat to human security or welfare- we must move away from the traditional view that security is a state-centric, military led, affair. While it may be true that environmental damage can lead to conflict, albeit in conjunction with other factors, we should also be looking at how damage to the environment affects people. As mentioned in the UNDP in 1994, Human security is not a concern with weapons it is a concern with human life and dignity  [36]  . Everyone has the right to live a life fr ee from insecurity. It can be argued that environmental damage is a constant security issue for some nation-states, communities and individuals. Not only can it lead to violent conflict, and threaten national security but it can also threaten human life and welfare. Some damage, such as climate change, poses cultural, health, and life-threatening risks comparable to the impact of warfare. We often see security threats as those which come from other states, involve the military and concern national security; however, environmental damage can become a threat to security, indeed, for many states it can be the most serious security problem that these countries face, because it directly threatens their life and their wellbeing.

Essay --

This statement can be applied across the field of women’s psychology. Throughout history, the same stories that are being told over and over again have omitted specific parts for certain reasons. There is a pattern of omission and it’s usually the perspectives that are controversial. The significance of this is that in the psychology of women specifically, women’s perspectives have been omitted from certain struggles that they face throughout history. Their voices aren’t deliberately shut out, but erased by ignorance. The two areas I want to discuss about erasure are violence against women and mothering. Violence against women is a serious topic and physical or sexual abuse against a woman can be life threatening. There is controversy, and questions always arise, when there’s a case of a woman being assaulted by a man. Who is to blame and why did this happen? Mothering is another topic that is controversial in the homeless community. There are mixed feelings about what actions should be taken in regards to the placement of homeless children and the status of the mother. Women’s voices are often erased from the media in regards to sexual violence against them. In the article that Crenshaw wrote about inequalities between white and black women, she states that when black women of lower social economic status are raped, there is a higher chance that the incident will not be reported as opposed to a white woman being raped. Also, the recovery stages are biased between the two. White administrators don’t understand the needs of black women after they have been raped; therefore, they don’t receive proper counseling services and may suffer from psychological harm. In relation to the statement of erasure, these specific... ...the ignorance. People need to be educated on how the system works or in this case, doesn’t work. These homeless mothers need to be interviewed through an unfiltered process and embraced to share their side of the story. For change to happen, these tales of humiliation and embarrassment need to be uncovered. In conclusion, the statement paints a picture with holes in it; holes that only can be seen by those affected by them. Women are the centerpiece for these issues. Their voices are being silenced, and the truth being omitted and manipulated to fit the needs of others. Women have been silenced about rape whether it is in the courtrooms or in the color of their skin. Homeless mothers are ostracized for their unfortunate circumstances and have no representation. Women play a key role in society to continue the fluidity of life. Let their voice be heard.

Project Report on Education Society Essay

Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertaken till now. 2. 4. Mission of the Promoting Body 2. 5. Vision of the Promoting Body CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State 3. 3 Status at Entry Level 3. 4. Status of Commerce Level manpower 3. 5 Industrial Scenario of the State 3. 6 Scope of the College vis-a-vis the Industrial Scenario and Educational Facilities already available in the State and in this Institute. CHAPTER IV :ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Basic Academic Philosophy of the Institution 4. 2 Types of Programmes 4. 3. Identified Programmes 4. 4. Phase-wise Introduction of Programmes & Intake 4. 5 Target Date for Start of Academic Programmes 4. 6 Central Computing facility 4. 7 Central Library 4. 8 Affiliating Body 4. 11 Scholarships CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1 Classification of Academic Divisions i. e. Departments,Centres, Schools, Central Academic Facilities. 5. 2. (i) Commerce (120 seats) 5. 2. (i) 1 Academic Objectives 5. 2. (i) 2. : Areas of Focus . 2. (i) 3. : Academic Programme 5. 2. 4 : Faculty Requirement & Phase-wise Recruitment 5. 2. 5 : Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment (cost) 5. 2. 6 : Requirement of other Space like Class Rooms,Faculty Rooms, Departmental Office. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community 6. 4. : Linkages with Instituti ons of excellence such as the IIMs and ICAI. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad CHAPTER VII : GOVERNANCE 7. 1. : Philosophy of Governance 7. 2. : State & Central Governance CHAPTER VIII : ACADEMIC & ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT 8. 1. : Organizational Structure & Chart for day-to-day Operations & Management 8. 2. : Role and Responsibilities of Key Senior Positions 8. 3. : Methods/Style of Administration/Management CHAPTER I : BRIEF DETAILS OF COLLABORATING PARTNERS. A. Gurukul Education Society In the following pages brief details of collaborating parteners 1) ——— and 2) ——- are given B. INTRODUCTION To meet the increasing demand of qualified manpower in the field of emerging areas of commerce and Industry. And to provide the Primary education facilities to common man in village, Gurukul Education society, pune is formed with the approval of All India council for Education, Govt of india. It is affiliated to Pune University and Pune Board. In todays World of 21 century, our country is on the road map of Globalization, hence more and more industries are attracting towards India and specially towards Rural Area. As they are considering there rural area as beneficial investment. Hence Gurukul Education society is planning to open a Primary School and Commerce college in Pune District at Yavat. C. Backround of the Counsultants. Solution Provider pvt. Ltd. are appointed as consultants to regularize & assist for project completion. The Solution Provider are serving various clients for last 25 years. They have very good goodwill in market & commitment complier. CHAPTER II : THE PROMOTING BODY 2. 1 Introduction to its Genesis including its Registration Status Gurukul Education Society, registered in 1998 in pune has established Gurukul Institute of commerce in Pune. Whose members include well-known Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals and Educationists. The people associated with the Society are engaged in rendering social services in Pune and Mumbai. The members of the society are committed to provide the investment needed for the education with global competitiveness. No compromise is made in ensuring the high quality of education in the Institute. 2. 2. Details of its Promoters including their Background The promoters consist of Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals Educationists. The list is given on the following pages. In there are a large number of members in the following categories: (i) Founder Members : 44 ii) Members : 39 (iii) Aajiwan Sahyogi : 156 (iv) Donors : 21 2. 3 Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertake till now. The promoters of the society have been involved in various activities related to basic and professional education, health care and have established a number of educational institutions consisting of Engineering College, Polytechnic, IT I and are also managing Five Public Schools at various locations in Maharashtra. 2. 4 Mission of the Promoting Body The missions are mentioned below: 1. To arrange, establish, run and manage Nursery, Primary Higher Secondary and Higher Education in Commerce Institutions. Colleges for all types of higher education; preparation for various competitive examinations and civil services and to provide education to the General Public, poor and needy children, SC, ST Community and other sections of the society and to provide education as per the Policy of the Govt. of India. 2. To arrange, establish run, manage, control, lookafter, and super-vise Commerce Educational Institutions, Colleges, Lecture halls, part time Coaching Education Centre n Charitable basis and other establishments or Institution for advancement of education and knowledge in arts, science, social science, knowledge of public hygine, literature and humanities, etc. 3. To establish environment preservation and pollution control centres to restrain the spread of pollution and to conduct such programmes which aim at preservation of environment, improvement and control of pollu tion. 2. 5 Vision of the Promoting Body †¢ To provide for excellence in Commerce Education and Research. To provide computers as: an aid to study, an object of study, a professional tool, an intellectual tool, an instrument of social change. †¢ To develop strong communication skills in the students †¢ To create awareness for social, historical, ethical, cultural and human values. †¢ To create a culture for self and life long learning. †¢ To create an intellectual spirit and capability for critical judgement. †¢ To establish a symbiotic relationship with industries. †¢ To develop entrepreneurship programmes and promote student entrepreneurs. †¢ To develop continuing education programmes. To create an awareness for development with equity and environmental values. †¢ To undertake resource generation and provide consultancy services. CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 1-i GURUKUL SCHOOL. * To prom ote preliminary education * To open Marathi medium & English medium school * To promote extra circular activities such as, sports, social activities, art etc. * Enhancement of quality of education to students 3. 1-ii GURUKUL COMMERCE COLLEGE. * Access to modern course material of international level. Enhancement of quality of education to students. * Enhancement in avenues for jobs to the student. * Enhancement in value addition to the existing programme. * Initiation of post graduation education. 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State Pune can be rightly called an Educational city. There is One Central Universities, and a number of Deemed Universities. 3. 3 Status at Entry Level Gurukul School Child completed 3 years of age can start Pre preliminary house followed by Preliminary & secondary school life. Gurukul Commerce College 0+2 students in Commerce stream opt for Commerce Courses. The number of seats available in Pune per thousand students compared to other states is very low. This imbalance needs to be corrected. CHAPTER IV: ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Classification of Academic Division The following major divisions/departments exist in the school & college. * Pre preliminary * Preliminary (Std. 1st to 4th ) * Secondary ( Std. 5th to 10th ) * Higher Secondary ( Std. 11th & 12th ) * Graduation in Commerce ( B. com) * Post Graduation in Commerce (M. com) 4. 2 Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the greatest service to the society. The fruit of Commerce is harvested by the entrepreneur and served to the society in different baskets and packages. The prosperity of the society is directly linked to the successful entrepreneurs. 4. 3 Liberalization and Globalization: If a society is compelled to single out one determinant of competitiveness, in the era of globalisation based economy, one has no option but to choose commerce education since in the end people are the ultimate assets in global competition. This Institute imparts education for global competitiveness. . 4 Computerization of Learning Process : As already mentioned, Computer is the central medium for the learning process viz, (i) Visualization of concepts and processes through graphics and multimedia in multidimensional continuum, (ii) Analytical details under changing parameters and environment, (iii) Tutorial software for deeper understanding of the subject, (iv) Self paced learning, which normal ly can not be created without computers. The Institute provides seamless opportunities for innovative learning. CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1. :Academic Objectives Through this course of School & college students are well versed in Commerce & being made aware of the endless opportunities opened by the application of academic knowledge & information technology for a total integration of system spanning and global scenario. There is a great demand for such manpower as the industries are moving for a higher level of globalisation. 5. 2. : Areas of Focus Globalisation & finance transferency. 5. 3:Faculty Requirement & Phase-wise Recruitment For the collaborative programme with the University all faculty members will must have Ph. D. degrees. For the collaborative programme with the University the following key faculty members have already been identified to be appointed. (i) Professor Yogesh Mathur Accounts (ii) Professor V. P. Srivastava Financial Management (iii) Professor M. M. Bhutani Corporate Law (iv) Professor Suresh Chandra Computer (v) Dr. C. R. Roy Humanities (vi) Dr. Krishan Kumar Costing Others will be appointed in consultation with key faculty members through proper advertisements. 5. 4: Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment For school we require to have laboratories & no need to have laboratories for commerce college. Space requirement for such laboratory will be substantial. All equipments required are of high quality & will be ordered from reputed suppliers. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction School & commerce college education is based on societal needs of today and tomorrow. Society is seamlessly becoming dependent of Information Technology, All aspects of human endeavour is taking new shapes and directions for a higher level of productivity, efficiency for over all development. 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry The Institute promotes the activities in co-operation with the Industries. Students and Faculty members are sent to visit Industries. With M/s. Laxmi Iyer, a more compact relationship has been undertaken as specified by them. 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community : The requirements of the Community have been well studied and crystallized. Accordingly, educational programs have been designed. Pune is becoming metropolitan city. Hence, the needs of the community here are different from the rural community. The education at the Institution provides deep knowledge & computer skills. 6. 4. : Linkages with other Institutions in the region : There is initiative to linkage with all the Commerce Institutes in India like ICAI, ICSI. This will help students to per sue professional education while taking formal education with Institute. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad Efforts are made to have linkage with abroad universities/Institutes, as the infrastructures and faculty are no less than any foreign institutes. Therefore, this collaboration will bridge this gap and help students to be globalise in every aspect be it education or job. CHAPTER VII: FINANCIAL ASPECT 7. 1: Organisational structure and chart for day to day operation and management. President/secretary (chairman) HEAD OFADMINISTRATIVEEXAMINATIONLIBRARIAN DEPARTMENTOFFICERBRANCH/INCHARGE FACULTYSUPERINTENDENT ATTENDANCESTAFFDEPARTMENT OF STAFF HOUSE KEEPING DATA ENTRYATTENDANT TELEPHONE OPERATOR OPERATOR STORE INCHARGE CLERKS ELECTRICIAN CANTEEN 7. 2: SCHOLARSHIPS. Institutes believes, it has responsibility towards society in which functioning and also provides help to students of weaker section of society especially SC/ST/NT. * State government provides scholarship to weaker students whose income is below average. Arrange for education loan to needy students from banks. * Issue free books to meritorious students. * Also help meritorious but poor, physically challenge and orphan students. * Grants provides by university grant commission. 7. 3: PHASEWISE FINANCIAL REQUIRMENT. Financial requirement for building, furniture, library, labs and workshops, teaching and non-teaching staff is on the following lines. The cost analysis is based on the current rates. 7. 4: S alary: – teaching and non-teaching staff is as follows. particulars| Amount(in rupees p. m)| Principal| 75,000| Professor| 50,000| Assistant professor | 35,000| Lecturers | 25,000| Lab assistant| 15,000| Maintenance staff| 13,000| Office assistant| 13,000| Librarian| 10,000| TOTAL| 2,30,000| 7. 5: Land, Building & Infrastructure Facility Land| 130,00,000| Building| 100,00,000| Lab & workshop| 40,00,000| Computer Lab| 25,00,000| Furniture| 20,00,000| Library| 15,00,000| TOTAL| 330,00,000| 7. 6: Strategies for Financial Mobilization * Some promoters are businessmen and have their own commercial institutes & construction Institute. * Any shortage, the financial mobilization will be through unsecured loan from non-financial institutes. * Interest free loan from promoters. After completion of eligibility and all documents, Central Government and State Government will provide grants for continuing such project. * Donations will be accepted from public. CHAPTER VIII: GOVERNANCE AND ACADEMIC & ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT: 8. 1: Philosophy of Governance It is said the best governance is that which does not govern. But the underlying Mea ning of this is not chaos by but order. This concept of governance bestows Autonomy in decision making with responsibility and Co-ordination. There is a Total freedom for innovative measures and a total Co-ordination from top to Bottom. The decisions are taken at the top but with inputs from the lower rungs So, the governance ensures total participation across the various hierarchies. Head of the Department. Is helped by the faculty members. The Dean is helped by the HODs and faculty members both Director is helped by the Dean, HOD and Faculty members. The Chairman/General Secretary are helped by the Directors And Dean. 8. 2: Methods/Style of Administration/Management The administration is participative. Every faculty member has certain responsibility Delegated to him. 20 students are attached to one faculty member who is designated Group Counselors for that set of students. Group Counselors meet their respective Groups once in a month to know the problems being faced by students Group Counselor Provide the briefs of the meetings to the Director, Director (E) and Dean on matters Related to education, administration and emotional support that the students need. Thus, the problem identification is done at the grass-root level and administrative remedial steps are taken of the appropriate lands. Similarly, grievances of Faculty and Staff are also resolved in a transparent manner. 8. 3: RULES AND REGULATION OF GOVERMEND IN INDIA REGARDING OPENING OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. FIRST STEP: Schools and college cannot be set up by private entities. They have to be run by a society formed under the Societies Act of 1860, or a trust under Public Trust Act as existent in different states, or by forming a Company under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956. In other words, a school and college have to be set up strictly as a non-profit business. At least that is the theory. Setting up a school and college is not just about constructing physical infrastructure in the form of building classrooms and setting up libraries and laboratories. It does involve obtaining permissions and licenses from concerned authorities at various stages. It starts with the setting up of a trust or a society, with a Governing board of five or six members, with a president, chairperson, and a secretary duly identified, as specified under the law. This article will focus primarily on identifying the various steps involved in Opening a school, providing facility for the study for students. SECOND STEP: Once the governing entity, whether a company, trust, or society, comes into existence, it will have to Look for land. There are two possibilities—one, if the society or trust has a land of its own, or, second, When the governing entity decides to buy a land for the proposed school. Buying land from the Government requires permission in the form of a no-objection certificate from the Department of Education of the concerned state. The no-objection certificate, called Essentiality Certificate (EC), Certifies the requirement of a school and college in a particular area. The logic behind the practice is to make Sure No two schools and college compete with each other and one becomes redundant. The EC comes with a Rider that construction must commence within three years, failing which the society will have to reapply for the same. One can apply to the concerned municipal corporation for land for the school and college with the EC. Land is supposed to be allotted to the governing entity at subsidized rates is usually allotted through auction. LAW APPLICABLE Originally, education was a state subject under the Constitution. In 1976, by a constitutional Amendment, education came in the concurrent list, the joint responsibility of the central and state governments. â€Å"It is almost impossible for a new entrant to get land. Land is normally granted to established players with a chain of schools and colleges. Even if a member on the board of a governing entity has land that the entity wants to use for setting up a school and colleges, a no-objection from the Department of Education stating the requirement of a school and colleges in that area is required. The major education boards of the country, namely, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Council for the Indian School Certificate examinations (CISCE), UGC and state government boards, have clearly laid down norms for land requirements for schools and colleges. This, in most cases, is 2 acres, except for hilly regions and metropolitan cities, where the requirement is less. Construction can take place only on a part of the land, and a playground has to be created in the rest. While conceiving the idea of a school and college, one has to assess the potentials of a location, kind of competition possible, and the target group—the lower middle class, upper middle class or the rich class—the school and colleges will cater to. From the time of forming a governing entity to a school and colleges actually starting up, one normally requires about a year, though taking more than two years is also not unheard of. Normally the infrastructure required to start up can be constructed within a period of six to seven months. Once the construction is over, school and college authorities need to apply for recognition. Up to Class 5 recognition from municipality is all that is required. For Classes 6 to 8 recognition comes from the Department of Education. Recognition for anything above this also comes from the Education Department, but after a minimum gap of two years. School authorities are free to seek affiliation to CBSE or CISCE or ugc. In that case, the school will have to follow the guidelines of the board it is seeking affiliation to. The school will need to follow the syllabus, books prescribed by the affiliating board, and pay specified salaries to the teachers. If it is not a government school, affiliation for schools normally comes in stages. Initially, for Classes 1 to 6 a temporary affiliation is given and guidelines are laid down for schools by the concerned education board. Once things are in place according to the guidelines, an inspection is conducted. If things are to the satisfaction of the board authorities, permanent affiliation is bestowed on the school. ays inspections are not so rigorous after permanent affiliation is granted, but a school has to be run according to the rules of the board. LICENSES AND DOCUMENTS Setting up a school involves a lot of legal processes from the very beginning. While forming a society, trust, or company, one has to have a Memorandum of Association, a document needed almost at every stage later. Like for any other business, a detailed project report for the school is al so needed. In addition, details of land and building, auditor’s statement, bank statements of the governing entity and their members and auditor’s statements are needed at some point or the other. Once the school and college building is ready for initial use, a certificate of recognition has to come from the state government, issued by the municipality for the junior classes, and by the Department of Education for middle school. If high school is to be added subsequently, certificate of up gradation is required which is again issued by the Education Department. Affiliation from either the CBSE or CISCE or UGC is also done through a set process. Things do not stop here, as schools and college need Certificates for hygiene, water, and completion of the building from the municipality.

Unhealthy Diets

Final Draft Compare and Contrast: Unhealthy Diets Fast food as we all know; its tasty, handy, and inexpensive. In our day and age it is extremely easy to maintain an unhealthy diet, as opposed to a healthy one. There are some main factors to why, unhealthy and fast food is cheap and easy to get, second reason is because fast food is located almost everywhere and the advertisements can be very persuading, and last is because people simply do not have enough time to make a home cooked meal. This overall can be avoided and healthy food can be the healthy alternative.But fast food is still the priority for the majority of people when looking for a meal. The first reason is that unhealthy food is cheaper than healthy food, which causes more people to buy unhealthy food that is bad for you. Buying higher priced healthy food would do much better for you than any fast food place. Fast food causes people to become unhealthy, gain weight, and maybe even gain a disease. Fast food has bad conseq uences but still is bought constantly on a daily basis. But healthy food prevents you from gaining weight, unhealthy diseases, and keeps you healthy.So why is healthy food not acknowledged as much as unhealthy food is, because of the cheap attractive prices for fast food. Not all healthy food is actually expensive but people do not have the time to find alternatives that would actually benefit them. For example, sharing a foot long sub from subway with a co-worker or classmate can be better than the occasional fast food. This is not the only way you can avoid an unhealthy diet but there is no way to avoid the advertisements. Eating healthy is not as easy as it seems to be, or is it?There seems to be a lot of fast food advertisements everywhere but not so many healthy choices are on their menu, which brings up the second reason. Is it really harder to keep a healthy diet rather than an unhealthy one, maybe? Or people are not looking good enough for other options. In our society, it i s very easy to even fall into an unhealthy diet because of people and media influencing us to do so. There many advertisements for unhealthy fast food but not as much for healthy food. You will see all the advertisements of new cheap deals for unhealthy fast food such as billboards, television product placement, or ven friends trying to inform you on cheap meals. But that should not give you a reason to give in and start an unhealthy diet. You can as easy as look around your area for fast food restaurants that offer healthy food. Or it can be as simple as continuing going to the fast food restaurant you usually attend but instead order something healthy. These are small but important ways of how to avoid an unhealthy diet. There are in fact at least a few other ways you can get out of eating unhealthy junk food.Here comes the option of having to cook for yourself, but not many people have that time or are too lazy to. Even cooking home meals has almost become obsolete because of eve ryone being in a rush to eat. Finally, people might not even like the frequent visits to fast food restaurants but are â€Å"forced to† just because they do not have enough time to have a home cooked meal. This can be the result of having a family to provide for, with having to work long hours, to much time spent in class, studying, or maybe even both. And even young students are accustomed to an unhealthy diet on a regular daily basis.There also people who just are too lazy to cook or at least make a sandwich at home for their next day at work or school. Money is also a main result of this because students do not have enough money to spend everyday on food that is more than their 0. 99-cent cheeseburger. That seems to be more amusing to people and they rather do that everyday then staying healthy and preparing healthy food. This is why there should be more advertisement that persuades people to buy healthy cheap affordable food. Fast food will probably be the most common foo d resource only because of the laziness of people not eating healthy food.Also because of the appealing cheap prices and delicious taste. And healthy food will probably stay underrated even though should be the first choice for fast food. Hopefully home cooked meals will be considered more often and taken into action. Unhealthy fast food restaurants will always have more advertisements than healthy advertisements because of all the customers that the restaurant receives. So instead of giving into a simple unhealthy diet, take your time to notice the healthy food and start your own healthy diet. 1

The Perfect Structure of Writing a Business Term Paper

The Perfect Structure of Writing a Business Term Paper The Perfect Structure of Writing a Business Term Paper A term paper is likely to be included as a requirement for most, if not all, of your business classes. It is mostly because it not only helps to determine how well a student is doing in understanding the concepts of the course but also to give them the opportunity to learn more in depth information about a particular subject. The extensive research that is needed to effectively write a succinct business term paper gives the student a chance to get more complete concepts in business. A business term paper is usually between 8 to 10 pages in length, however, these requirements vary per instructor. Students are usually given the entire term to complete the assignment, which is the main reason why it is called a â€Å"term† paper. The paper needs to include various components that will be discussed in more detail below. This guide will help you work through each section. Title Page Certain formatting styles like the APA format will need the title page to be an additional paper all by itself. It gives the information like your paper’s name, your name, course name, school name, and date. It is the first page of your paper. The MLA form does not have a title page and all of this information is in the upper left hand side of the page. Abstract Large papers will include an abstract that gives a summary of what the paper is about. The summary should give all of the important information. Fill up half of the paper with single spaced text and you should be all set. Remember, this section isn’t like the back cover of a book. It shouldn’t keep the â€Å"good stuff† secret. The reader should be able to read this instead of the entire piece. Table of Contents The table of contents lists all of the sections and chapter titles and the page number where the sections can be found. It usually comes after the abstract if there is one in the paper. Introduction Make sure that you introduce your topic and give some background information on it. It means that you need to provide a brief overview to get the reader interested. Include the thesis near the end of the introduction. Thesis The thesis is the main point that you are trying to make. If you could prove your point in one sentence, the thesis would be it. Make an outline to help you develop the perfect thesis for your paper. It is the best way to make sure that you do it just right. Body Here is where you have to â€Å"put your money where your mouth is† and prove your thesis. The evidence that supports your thesis must be trustworthy because, otherwise, your points will be easy to dispute. Conclusion Now it is time to wrap it up. You need to restate your main points in your conclusion and pull it all together. Don’t rush this part of the process. It is vital to the success of your paper and your last chance to get your points across. Bibliography The reference page gives all of your resources that were used. You need to give credit to those that you get your ideas from. It is not only the right move to make, but it also allows you to give your words extra power. When people see the source, they believe what you say more than before. Show that different scientists have your back in the facts that you state. When you are writing your custom term paper, these tips are very vital to the success of your paper. Now, all you have to do is get writing. Get to work. A great paper is right around the corner.

CJ 450 Counterterrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CJ 450 Counterterrorism - Essay Example Arguably there are various reasons for terrorism attacks and hence each motive requires different approach to tackling terrorism. Some of the reasons include political conflict, religious clashes, gaining publicity and in some cases divine instruction to conduct terrorist attacks. (Victoroff, 2006). The terrorist believe that such motives justify their actions although many will agree that there is no justification to terrorism whichever way we look at it. For example the September 11 attack was fuelled by religious motives and political motives. When governments or those in authority understand the motives behind terrorist attacks then they can forge on in their efforts to reduce these tensions and dissatisfactions in an intelligent way hence counter terrorism. It seems that counter terrorism is a tactic of warfare. These efforts are usually retaliation with equal or greater force as applied y terrorist in order to disempower them. Often than not counterterrorism efforts will include the military and the police force that wage war against these organizations. Although the idea is to fight crime, innocent civilians may suffer in the process. The role of due process in counter terrorism is that both parties feel that they are entitled to use force in fighting for their ideologies (political or otherwise). The victims feel a need to avenge wrongs and in effect the problem doubles in the long run. In fact one of the implications of characterizing terrorists as the enemy rather than mere criminals is that it breeds ground for wa r. Question 2 Due to the sophistication of technology surveillance has changed from the traditional way to a new surveillance. The new system of surveillance includes monitoring inside activities of terrorist groups through satellites monitoring, or spying. Additionally, eavesdropping communication, tapping wire money transfers to trace terrorist funding etc. (Clarke & Newman, 2006). The ideal surveillance technique would be one where the counter terrorism units would gain clandestine sources within the terrorist groups or cells but this situation is almost impossible since these groups tend to be so close knit and bond by strong allegiances. (Clarke & Newman, 2006). It seems that the shift from traditional surveillance methods to the new type has had problematic effect in the civil liberties of the people of United States in that their communication is often been intercepted as the authorities try to trace terrorist linkages. In this light privacy has been infringed on. Additionally, surveillance has had negative connotation to discrimination especially for communities that are associated with terrorist groups. For instance in some place Muslims and Arabs are frown upon and are seen as potential threats due to association with al-Qaeda and Taliban groups. More to that the frequent travel advisories and terrorist alerts instill fear in the lives of people hence multiplying the power that terrorist groups have over the people in US. This denies such communities freedom of movements and enjoyment of life. The quality of life has been reduced to that of slavery like nature. It therefore seems that the counter terrorism efforts have to strike a balance between protecting the liberties of the people and preventing further terrorist attacks. (Meggle, 2005). Notably in order to achieve this all stakeholders have to echo what is important to them. Freedom or security. Nonetheless, even

Discussion #5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion #5 - Assignment Example That system renders African nations vulnerable to financial crises in case of a drop in the international market prices. The overreliance on exportation of cash crops confines the African nation’s agricultural sector into subsistence farming, a situation contributing to hunger and starvation in Africa. Hunger and starvation is a major challenge facing most African countries, as food remains a primary and essential need for human survival. The huge population growth in African nations has led to overpopulation leading to high instances of unemployment and dependency ratio in Africa. The high population growth rate in African nations unbalances the available resources leading to food insecurity that is a major challenge in Africa (Ali 15). African colonizers targeted and concentrated on the major cities and trading centers ignoring the villages and interior regions. As a result, imbalance in infrastructural, technological and social development exists between the cities and the rural set ups. With the rapid population growth rate unbalancing the available job opportunities in the rural areas, individuals move to the town centers in search of job opportunities (Ali 13). The migration leads to over population in the urban set up that is a major challenge. In addition, the migration also leads to culture clash and lowers the standards of living in the urban set ups. In effect, it lowers the gross domestic income and productivity of that particular nation. Lack of the employment opportunity in the urban areas eventually results in increased crime rates (Ali 15). These are the challenges confining most of the African nations. Lack of technological knowledge in most African nation’s rural set ups derail embracing of the new and modern western cultures and trends. The long-term effect of this is a complication of interaction between the cultural backward rural dwellers and the town dwellers. Such contrasts lead

Macro systems paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macro systems paper - Essay Example For one to understand human services interactions in terms of macro systems communities and organizations there should be an initial understanding of the concept of personal, interpersonal, and political empowerment. Personal empowerment can be referred to as an individual’s ability to have an effect on events and the people in their environment. Personal empowerment is usually enhanced with an individual’s ability to comprehend their current position and exactly where they are headed to (Van, Keefe &Besthorn, 2007). Personal empowerment is also characterized by an individual’s flexibility and their ability to change in accordance to their environment. Interpersonal empowerment is always used with reference to an individual’s ability to work collaboratively with other people to effectively implement plans that are put in place for them to implement. This is always characterized by the existence of interpersonal skills. A person who is interpersonally empowered can, therefore, be said to be someone who can effectively function as part of a team. Political empowerment occurs when the government offers help to communities and institution with the aim of making their lives less challenging. It also occurs when the government allows communities and organizations to have political participation in political issues that have either direct or indirect influence on their existence (Kirst-Ashman, 2008). Politicalempowerment enables the public to make sure that they are able to influence political decision making in the best way possible. An individual can always involve themselves in multiple systems at a working environment. These systems include: micro, mezzo, and macro systems. At the micro level and individual usually focuses on having personal interactions with their clients individually or with a family member or spouse. Interventions at this level can include an individual interacting with the client in a number of occasions.

Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

Race and Ethnicity Essay Until now talk of â€Å"race† and â€Å"ethnicity† still remains a sensitive issue and despite many attempts, discrimination still exists in our modern society. But, on the throes of a multiracial decade, we might be on track to finally understand that race is really a social creation. The website Race: Are We So Different? (http://www. understandingrace. org/home. html) helps shed light into this issue by providing interactive programs, like the Human Variation Quiz, that make it easier for people to understand the â€Å"race issue† in layman’s terms. After taking the quiz, it became clear to me that, yes, race is just embedded in our society and cannot be traced to our genetics or lineage. It gives out facts that correct our idea of what defines race. They tell us that, say, physical qualities that can be attributed to genetics cannot be categorized into the three or four races that people today recognize. Rather, study of our DNA even shows that there might be more genetic differences between two Latin Americans than between a Latin American and a Caucasian American. The documentary Race: The Power of Illusion also shows this when during a DNA workshop, led by forensic expert Scott Bronson, a group of teenagers from different lineages found out that they have more in common with other people from other â€Å"races† than their own. As Peter Wade mentions in his book Race and Ethnicity in Latin America (1997), biologically speaking, race does not exist (Wade 13). It is, therefore, a socially-constructed idea that actually changes with time. Most importantly, the quiz shows that if we track down our DNA to one source it can be traced to a human community that settled in Africa 100,000 years ago, showing that everyone of Earth comes from one community, one people. The problem that we should look into now is how as a society we can change this idea of different races into an understanding of one race. Scholars say that it involves a huge â€Å"paradigm shift†, like how humans began to see the world as round than flat. What I say is, no matter how big it is I believe we are definitely ready.